The Admonitions of Ipuwer (for which a correct citation would be appreciated greatly) is in fact one of a whole number of the “Pessimistic” literary genre of the Middle Kingdom era. These texts are not based upon Biblical plagues from the sky but are a dramatised account of the First Intermediate Period circa 2150 – 2055 BCE.

Similar texts at the time were written concerning “prophecies” of a saviour ruler, Ameney, who would rescue Egypt from such disaster, and were created to legitimise the rise of the 12th Dynasty under Amenemhat.

Both texts served to exaggerate the chaos of the previous era that would now be put in order by the new Pharaoh, defeating chaos and ensuring order, which was the ideological heart of Pharaonic Egypt.

One does not look to miracles and the Old Testament to explain this. It is reinforcing standard Egyptian ideology at a time when new dynasties were coming to fore, and needed to reinforce their legitimacy.

Note: The Papyri referred to here is the “Admonitions of Ipuwer” preserved on P. Lleiden 344, translations of which can be found in both the texts below.

Refs:
Lichtheim, M, 1973, Ancient Egyptian Literature Vol. I, University of California Press.
Simpson, W K (ed), 2003, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Yale University Press. (3rd Ed)

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Many people do not believe the Exodus took place. They often claim that there is no historical evidence, other than that found in the Bible. But there is evidence of the Exodus as stated by Grant Jeffrey in his book “Unveiling Mysteries of the Bible”. An important Egyptian historical manuscript was discovered in Egypt more than a century ago.

Remarkably, this ancient papyrus parallels the history of the Exodus account as found in the Scriptures. This manuscript recorded the writings of an ancient Egyptian named Ipuwer. The papyrus manuscript, now called the Ipuwer Papyrus, was discovered by someone named Anastasi in the area of Memphis, near the pyramids of Saqqara in Egypt.

The museum of Leiden in the Netherlands acquired the papyrus in 1828. It was translated and published in English for the first time in 1909 by Professor Alan H. Gardiner. Gardiner wrote that the manuscript was one that recorded a genuine historical catastrophe when the whole country of Egypt was in distress and violence. “It is no merely local disturbance that is here described, but a great and overwhelming national disaster.”

Gardiner suggests that Ipuwer was an Egyptian sage who directed his writing to the king as a complaint that the national catastrophe was in part caused by the king’s failure to act and deal with the crisis.

A comparison of several key passages from the Biblical Book of Exodus with the ancient Egyptian papyrus reveals remarkable correspondences and parallels that point to a real historical catastrophe.

1. The Plague of Blood
In Ipuwer Papyrus 2:5-6, it says: Plague is throughout the land. Blood is everywhere. Compare this with the Book of Exodus 7:21: There was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.

In Ipuwer Papyrus 2:10, it says: The River is Blood. Compare with Exodus 7:20: All the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

In Ipuwer Papyrus 2:10, it says: Men shrank from tasting…and thirst for water. Compare with Exodus 7:24: And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river.

2. The Plague of Hail
Ipuwer papyrus 9:23: The fire ran along the ground. There was hail, and fire mingled with the hail. Exodus 9:25: And the hail smote every herb on the field, and brake every tree in the field.

3. The Plague of Darkness
Ipuwer Papyrus 9:11: The land is not light. Exodus 10:22: And there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt.

4. The Plague of Egyptian Cattle
Ipuwer papyrus 5:5: All animals, their hearts weep. Cattle moan. Exodus 9:3: Behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be grievous murrain (disease).

5. The Plague of the Firstborn of Egypt
Ipuwer Papyrus 2:13: He who places his brother in the ground is everywhere. Exodus 12:27: He (the angel of the Lord) smote the Egyptians. Ipuwer Papyrus 4:3: Forsooth, the children of princes are dashed against the walls. Exodus 12:29: At midnight the Lord smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt. Ipuwer Papyrus 6:12: Forsooth, the children of the princes are cast out in the streets, Exodus 12:30: There was not a house where there was not one dead.

6. Response of the Egyptians to the Loss of their First born
Ipuwer Papyrus 3:14: It is groaning that is throughout the land, mingled with lamentations. Exodus 12:30: There was a great cry in Egypt.

In light of the ample evidence accumulated from ancient Jewish and Greek historians, together with the Ipuwer Papyrus that parallels several of the 10 Biblical plagues, it is clear that there is compelling non-Biblical evidence to confirm the scriptural account about the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt. Further proof of the Exodus is the fact; the Jews have annually celebrated three great festivals in commemoration of their Exodus (Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles) for 3500 years. Therefore, logically, the public observance of the Exodus Passover festival can only be explained if the Jewish people actually participated in these historical events as recorded in the Torah, the first five books of the Bible.

By George Konig
March 14, 2004
http://www.konig.org

Sooo, you’re saying that you creationists cannot prove that “evolution is bullshit and did not happen”?

I can also tell you that Moses did not write all the Pentateuch, Tower of Babel never happened, Noah’s flood never happened. I have proofs for this position. You can listen or not…don’t mean a hill of beans to me.